Produksi untuk penggunaan

Produksi untuk penggunaan adalah frasa yang merujuk pada prinsip organisasi dan produksi ekonomi yang dianggap sebagai kriteria dasar untuk ekonomi sosialis. Prinsip ini berkebalikan dengan produksi untuk profit. Kriteria ini digunakan untuk membedakan sosialisme dengan kapitalisme, dan menjadi karakteristik fundamental bagi sosialisme yang mulanya dimiliki oleh Sosialis Marxian, sosialis evolusioner, anarkis sosial dan sosialis Kristen.^[1]

Prinsip ini bersifat luas dan dapat merujuk pada berbagai macam konfigurasi yang bervariasi berdasarkan teori ekonomi yang digunakan. Dalam definisi klasiknya, produksi untuk penggunaan mengacu pada sistem ekonomi dimana hukum nilai dan hukum akumulasi tidak lagi mengarahkan aktivitas ekonomi, dimana ukuran langsung kegunaan dan nilai digunakan sebagai abstraksi dari sistem nilai, uang, dan modal.^[2] Konsepsi alternatif sosialisme yang tidak menggunakan sistem profit di antaranya adalah model Lange yang melibatkan penggunaan sistem harga dan kalkulasi moneter.

Kritik utama terhadap sistem profit oleh sosialis adalah bahwa akumulasi modal ("membuat uang") menjadi semakin asing dari proses produksi nilai ekonomi, yang mengarah pada pemborosan, ketidakefisienan, dan permasalahan sosial. Pada dasarnya itu merupakan distorsi dari penghitungan tepat yang didasarkan pada penegasan hukum nilai dibandingkan pada biaya "asli" faktor produksi, secara objektif di luar hubungan sosial.

^ "Socialism and Capitalism: Are They Qualitatively Different Socioeconomic Systems?", by Kotz, David M. Retrieved February 19, 2011, from University of Massachusetts: http://people.umass.edu/dmkotz/Soc_and_Cap_Diff_Syst_06_12.pdf: "This understanding of socialism was held not just by revolutionary Marxist socialists but also by evolutionary socialists, Christian socialists, and even anarchists. At that time, there was also wide agreement about the basic institutions of the future socialist system: public ownership instead of private ownership of the means of production, economic planning instead of market forces, production for use instead of for profit."
^ Bockman, Johanna (2011). Markets in the name of Socialism: The Left-Wing origins of Neoliberalism. Stanford University Press. hlm. 20. ISBN 978-0-8047-7566-3. According to nineteenth-century socialist views, socialism would function without capitalist economic categories - such as money, prices, interest, profits and rent - and thus would function according to laws other than those described by current economic science. While some socialists recognized the need for money and prices at least during the transition from capitalism to socialism, socialists more commonly believed that the socialist economy would soon administratively mobilize the economy in physical units without the use of prices or money.

[1] "Socialism and Capitalism: Are They Qualitatively Different Socioeconomic Systems?", by Kotz, David M. Retrieved February 19, 2011, from University of Massachusetts: http://people.umass.edu/dmkotz/Soc_and_Cap_Diff_Syst_06_12.pdf: "This understanding of socialism was held not just by revolutionary Marxist socialists but also by evolutionary socialists, Christian socialists, and even anarchists. At that time, there was also wide agreement about the basic institutions of the future socialist system: public ownership instead of private ownership of the means of production, economic planning instead of market forces, production for use instead of for profit."

[2] Bockman, Johanna (2011). Markets in the name of Socialism: The Left-Wing origins of Neoliberalism. Stanford University Press. hlm. 20. ISBN 978-0-8047-7566-3. According to nineteenth-century socialist views, socialism would function without capitalist economic categories - such as money, prices, interest, profits and rent - and thus would function according to laws other than those described by current economic science. While some socialists recognized the need for money and prices at least during the transition from capitalism to socialism, socialists more commonly believed that the socialist economy would soon administratively mobilize the economy in physical units without the use of prices or money.

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